Hydraulic reversing transmission



Filed May 18, 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. JOHN D. MOONEY B-Y M m M B m A 3 m. G 8 0 II m5 F E AQZ i/ B A A a. U M. m m. A w A m 2 D 0 a 2 5 l A 7 F .11 l m 6 B 3 m l 0 AA mm, ml y 55 o 0 I20 3 w 5 6 6 nd P A 6. 4 M. D 6 6 a 4 6 ATTORNEYS Feb. 23, 1954 J. D. MOONEY HYDRAULIC REVERSING TRANSMISSION 4 Sheets-Sheet 8 m G W F my N M D. N H 0 J Filed May 18, 1949 FIGS.

ATTORNEYS Feb. 23, 1954 D, MOONEY 2,669,971

HYDRAULIC REVERSING TRANSMISSION Filed May 18, 1949 I 4 Sheets-Sheet s 'INVENTOR.

JOHN D. MOONEY ATTORNEY Feb. 23, 1954 J. D. MOONEY 2,669,971

HYDRAULIC REVERSING TRANSMISSION Filed May 18, 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.

JOHN D. MOONEY ATTOR N EYS Patented Feb. 23, 1954 UNITED STATS HYDRAULIC REVERSING TRANSMISSION John D. Mooney, St. Paul, Minn.

Application May 18, 1949, Serial No. 93,945

3 Claims.

The present invention relates to hydraulic reversing transmission mechanism for marine power plants.

Among the objects of the invention is to provide a smoothly acting reliable reverse mechanism that will be positive in its action, simple in construction and operation, and one which will be economical to produce.

A further object is to provide oil pressure producing means for the operation of said mechanism so constructed and mounted that it automatically compensates for any misalignment of the drive shaft due to wear or other reason.

Further objects will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon reference to the followin description and the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a vertical central longitudinal sectional view of the transmission.

Fig. 2 is a section of the control valve therefor on line 22 of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a section on line 33 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a section on line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a view in elevation of the pump assembly looking toward the left as of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on line 6--6 of Fig. 1.

Fig. '7 is a sectional view taken on line '!-'-1 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a part sectional view of one of the pistons taken substantially on line 88 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged section of a cylinder and piston.

Figs. 10, 11 and 12 show diagrammatically the operation of the transmission, showing respectively the forward, neutral and reverse positions of the parts.

Fig. 13 is a section on line l3-I3 of Fig. 4.

Figs. 14 and 15 are central longitudinal sectional views of the clutch bleed valve, showing the valve in two positions.

Referring to the drawings, the transmission is seen to comprise a housing 29 having at one end an integral end wall A and closed at the other end by a cover member 203 with an intermediate member 40, to be described in detail later.

Extending through the end wall 2E)A is a flanged stub shaft 2|, the flange of which is to be bolted to a suitable drive shaft (not shown) which may be and preferably is the crankshaft of the engine (not shown). Mounted in the cover plate 203 isa second flanged stub shaft 22 adapted to be bolted by means of its flange to the propeller shaft (not shown). The two stub shafts 2| and 22 are in axial alignment and their reduced inner portion of the housing.

As shown, the driven shaft 22 is mounted in the cover plate 20B in suitable antifriction bearings 22A, and has splined on its inner end a bevel gear 23 mounted in the ball bearing 23A carried in an axial extension 24A of a spider 24 which spider carries a plurality of bevel gears 25 adapted to mesh with the gear 23.

Also adapted to mesh with gears 25 is another bevel gear 26 splined to the inner end of the driving stub shaft 2|. The gear 26 is rotatably mounted in thebearing 26A in an axial extension 243 of spider 24. The several gears 25, only one of which is shown, are rotatably mounted on radial pins MC. The hub 24D of the spider is rotatably carried on the reduced ends of the shafts 2i and 22.

This gearing arrangement is similar to a conventional differential gearing and will be so called hereinafter.

The outer cylindrical face of spider 24 is provided with splines upon which are carried the plates 30 and 3| of a pair of clutches, their internumbered 30A and MA respectively.

Interposed betwen cover plate 20B and the housing 20 is a ring shaped member consisting of two rings 40A and 4013, the first of which consists of an internally splined ring carrying on its splines the clutch plates MA. The other ring- 4ilB includes an annular cylinder 41 open toward the clutch plates and opposite thereto. In thecylinder 4| is an annular piston '42 adapted to be moved outwardly of the cylinder against the clutch plates 3i and 3IA and clamp these together between itself and the flange lllC of ringllBA. The rings 40A and 45B are as shown fixed against rotation.

' The plates 30 and 30A are, as shown, splined on spider 24 and within a ring member 59 respectively, the latter being similar in form to ring 40A but fixed to the periphery of a disc 58A. In the outer plates 39 and 253A is an annular cylinder 5| Within which is mounted an annular piston EIA in position to act upon the plates 3il-8i3A to clamp them together between itself and the flange of ring 50. The disc 56A is carried on shaft 25 and is fixed to the gear 26.

Between the end wall 28A and the disc 56A is located a pump assembly designated as a whole by the numeral 60. This consists of a plate 8 53A,

ber 60C communicating with an inlet passage. 60D which in turn is open to the conduit ill lead ing from the filter chamber 6 IA in the bottomof' 1 housing 20. Chamber 5 HA contains the screen inthe seat for the pump members 63 and 63A is a,

suitable cover plate 64 provided with a packing ring 64A. The entire pump assembly-.iszas shovm supported by the shaft 2| and upon a suitable antifriction bearing 640, the inner raceof which is shown as a hardened ring fi lmmountedon the shaft. This latter however may be eliminated if desired by local hardening of the shaft-itself.

The pump assembly comprising plate 60A, pump: members 63 and 463A; and foover .64 is retatably-Ycamiied. on 'shafit i221? and in (a suitable flanged-i ring 65 bolted to the inside 'iof the .ahousing partsmm lllh'eirin iss is,rhowever,rsomewhat larger thamthe platefiilAiz-andwhere the part 64 projects-through wall: 20A fithere is provided. :a small clearance 66, so thaititheqpump:iassembly fioa'tsron shaftJZ-l z'andsmay moverashortidistance in ianyi lateral direction; .And :since there :can be sudh-.:.relative movement between the1pump- 1% amamnsznm suitable spackiings 45 4 3 will The :used atithecends f 'coi'iduits =fi2iAi and 611D.

The zlenrrduits' 61 I and 62B, together :with conduitsffiflzandrlilek, are formed as channels in the outerlifaceiof wall; :2 BA-eandicovered *by suitable. plates 61B. At their upper ends, the conduits 623;; 621 aandzifiz'l-Ai are. lopen'zto passages: sbored Lin the upper athihlrened :wall ofl housing; 20 andjpasa sages 62B the pum discharge passageaconnectedi tomone: side :zofza cooling: device 5.8 :(see :Fig. :12) fremhw hich the fluid-dis :led: to;;c'ombined relief andmontrolivalve.indicatedzas aiwholeiby numeral 1:05.22.

This valvexcuniti "Hi ;:as indicated includes; :the

pressure controland relief :portion ll andesthe control-,portionfi; therformer being shown more, indetailin Figs. 3 and :4. iIn-these figures,. the4 reliefvalve "is shown as provided with a cyli n.. drical bore having an lannular chamber ialAaepro-w videdewithvan "foutlet :"l-lBv slidable i the bore is ia spring ,Lpressed: iplunger 1r l C I ,having: {an -an:-: nular ,i roove or channel il -ID into which-vileads the inlet TTTIYE. v.

ln thegposition of :Fig. 14. the ,idlei or no pres-l sure position, :the groove 'HD is out .of registry with chamber [in but, when 1 sufiicient :oil pressure is supplied to compress the springin plunger HQ the ,-groov,e moves :to partial reg s iryand allows=the-oil:to escapefrom outlet 1 1 B. -.Inor.der to =provide-lfor such movement, the rear qendof: the. :plunger HC is 'bored axially and in the bore isa small slidableplug 12 of such length as-to .leave asmall chamber, in the bore opposite groove 'HD and suitable openingsa'n'z-t provide communicationbetweenthechamber and: groove.

Jidjustment of thespring tension f or plungers 1 IC may be accomplished byimeans noftthe screw plug 13. The opening "73A provides mean-sefor applying .a suitable pressure gauge-indicated at 13Biin .-1'1ig.. 12..

-Theqcontrol valve 75 1s shownintdetail in Figs 2 .and- 3, and consistsof a body provided with-a. suitable bore15A within which is'a r101- tatable valve member 15B having ranannular groovel'wc. a

Opening '.to, groove T50 is ,a -pair of :dead-end;

passages 16 and 16A each extending axially a sufficient distance to open communication between groove TSC and one of the three outlets 11, 71A and 11B. These passages 16 and 16A are relatively short peripherally and between them the valve member is provided with peripherally extending partial grooves or chambers 18 of sufiicient length to extend over two or more of the outlets ll, ll-Azan'd 11B.

In operation, the ump Bil discharges "its fluid through inlet 19 of the control valve 15 and from -chamber 150 this fluid flows through either one or1more ofthe outlets 1'1, HA and MB or through outlet 19Ato valve H. In the neutral posi- "tionof valve 15, determined by the position of handle -BH1 fiXed to valve member 15B, one of the chambers 18 registers with the three outlets TI, Fl-2i, l 'l-B so that all fluid entering valve 15 goes to valve H.

:Movement-of theha-ndle to ffforwardT-position,vsmoves passage. 76A to registry with outlet 17A and the chamber 78 to registry WithOlltv lets I11 :and '.'l'rlB,"-.thereby establishing :a. .wfluid pressure connection-with clutch 3ill-30A, through outlet ti-A; :conduit .63,. to -;a peripheral groove 12 ind-the outer surfacexof the tubularrinsert IEID in shaft 2i. Alsoppeningto groove-102 is v a conduit 1G3 .Ieadingthroughthe web f disc 5BA::tonlutch cylinder-51!,

- When theihandlerufl is moved to Vireversekpo-r sition, the passage ltrregistersswith .;out1et MB and chamber 13 connects-,1outlets;,;-?s1 andfllA-z Through outlet vlelB: ethe: nuidrmressure, Jfiows through, 'con'duit; ;l;il3,ef-forme.d; in ring ::member; 40B',.;to the vcylinder ll sfor clutch '3l-w3ilA1and at the same time allows oil pressure fromclutrih 30-.30A to ifi'ow out :of outlet, in! :and back to the transmission housing;

These-clutch operations :arehindicated in Figs. 9, 10 and 11.

Lubrication ofthe itransmissioniis accomplished by the-zreturn of=oil=from thewalve H! through the conduit-MA. 'l his-lieads toitheannulan roove I00 in the outeriperiphery ofishaft-xz-l zandlathen through suita'ble iradialzpassagesnto zthe innerend Oran axial lborelllliintthe shaft; 1

In the bore IOI is a tubular insert MD, the passage: MA of swhichtilearis .to :the iinnerjiend of the shafti'anclaiis qopposite-xa short :ax'ialhore Nil-B vin1theiOpp0sed-end of eshait 22. r-iNearslthe end of the insert and also communicating-with boredlil B are radialirpassa'ges. mite leadingt jrcm the massage iHHA, to ttheimutside (of the reduced ends :of :lJ'hGfbWOgShfifilSi'fSO that oil will flow =out into and lubricate the differential-gears. -I0i1 may .alsojflowout ibetween ttheivadjacent .shaft ends to ilubricate the spider abearinge One-Lei the'features ;of ;the: present transm'ission is the form of annular pressurecylinder for actuating-the :clutcihes 30 'The'sewylinders :and their "pistonsareuso :iormed they eannotstick or jam :if rorany reason the pis tonin :its rmovement :doessnot maintain its pawllelism. This iis accomplished ib emacliining the outer wall llAof theeylin'derito true-cylindrical zshaipeiand thetinn'er:=-wa1l NE-curved axially of -,the cylinder I011 en arc the-center of "curvature of which is;locate'dzsubstantiallyrattthe c'enter gpoint :of.-:.that part :of ithe cylinder tdiametri callyaacross :the:annulus.- ZIn ma-chining the pis ton 5'42, the-inner peripheral WaII' TQQA'iiS formed asaa cylinder while the outer wallw2l3 is curvedon; {any are =whose :centerspointziis substantially coinc dent with; the: center ;of curvature m'f nyl-ev inder wall 413. Further, inreachiofxthesenumed walls is provided a flat bottom annular groove for the reception of a packing ring of circular cross section of resilient rubber like material commonly called an O-ring.

The pistons 42 and 5IA are, as stated, annular and for the most part channeled for weight reduction, the rear face being continuous except for a plurality of recesses such as that indicated in Fig. 8. These recesses, as shown in this figure, extend peripherally of the ring for a substantial distance and are provided with overhanging edges I42 and with a boss I45 opposite the opening into the recess, the boss having its outer face recessed to receive the head of bolt I44.

Fixed in ring 40B is a removable stud consisting of a suitable bolt I44 and spacer or sleeve I44A which stud has mounted upon it a laminated spring I45 spanning the opening between edges I42 and actin against the inner faces of such edge portions. This spring I45 serves as a return spring when the pressure in the cylinder has been released.

While the springs I 45 will serve to expel the fluid and release the clutches, a quicker action of the release is obtained through the use of bleeder valves I50 mounted adjacent the periphery of the cylinders 4| and 5|, two or more of such valves being used on cylinder 5| in order not to unbalance this rotating part.

The valves I50, as shown in Figs. 14 and 15, consist of a tubular element I5I externally threaded at one end I5IA and internally threaded at the other I5IB.

Adjacent the end I5I A the bore of the element I5I is provided with a shoulder I5IC serving to limit the movement of a slidable value plunger I52, this latter being resiliently thrust toward the shoulder by a spring I5IC reacting against a suitable adjusting screw plug I5ID.

As shown, the plunger I52 is axially bored as at I52A from its free end to near the other end and is provided with a radial passage I52B opening to the bore adjacent its closed end while the element I5I is also provided with radial passages I5IE adapted to register with passages I52B when the valve I52 is against the shoulder I5IC. Free movement of the valve I52 is allowed by roviding a passage I5IF in the adjusting plug I5ID.

In the operation of the clutches by supplying fluid under pressure to cylinders 4| and 5|, the valves I52 will be moved inwardly of their housings I5I to the position of Fig. 15 and thereby move the passages I 523 and I5IE out of registry to close the valves and maintain them closed so long as the clutch actuating pressure is maintained. As soon, however, as this relatively high pressure is released, the springs I5IC immediately move the valves I52 to the position of Fig. 14 wherein the passages I5IE and I52B are in registry, thus allowing the springs I45 and centrifugal force (in the case of cylinder 5|) to evacuate the cylinders and release the clutches.

Piston 5IA will be identical with piston 42 but of course the spring carrying studs will be fixed to disc 50A. The spring carrying studs in conjunction with the bosses I43 serve also to prevent rotation of the pistons relative to their respective cylinders.

The operation of the transmission seems obvious in view of the foregoing and will not be described in detail other than to state that with the control valve in the central position of Fig. 10 oil from the pump Will pass through the valve and spill back into the housing.

If it is desired to drive the shaft 22 and propeller shaft in a forward direction, the valve is moved to th position of Fig. 9 and thereby oil under pressure is supplied to the left hand (Fig. 1) clutch 30 to lock the spider 24 to shaft 2I and produce a direct drive.

If it is desired to drive the shaft 22 in reverse," the valve is moved to the position of Fig. 11 and thus oil delivered to clutch 3| to lock the spider 24 against rotation and simultaneously release clutch 30.

I claim:

1. In a transmission, a hydraulically operable motor, comprising an annular cylinder and annular piston, said annular cylinder having a cylindrical Outer perimetral wall and a convexly curved inner perimetric wall, said annular piston having a cylindrical inner perimetral wall and a convexly curved outer perimetric wall, and packing material carried by the curved walls of said cylinder and piston.

2. In a transmission, a hydraulically operable motor, comprising an annular cylinder and annular piston, said annular cylinder having a cylindrical outer perimetral wall and a convexly curved inner perimetric wall, the center of curvature being at substantially the center point of that portion of the annulus diametrically opposite said curved wall, said annular piston having a cylindrical inner perimetral wall and a convexly curved outer perimetric wall the center of curvature being at substantially the center point of that portion of the annulus diametrically opposite said curved wall, and packing material carried by the curved walls of said cylinder and piston.

3. In an annular cylinder and piston combination, an annular cylinder and an annular piston therein axially of the annulus, said cylinder having its inner perimetral wall curved endwise and said piston having its outer perimetral wall curved also endwise.

JOHN D. MOONEY.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 942,065 Grebel Dec. 7, 1909 1,806,669 Campbell May 26, 1981 2,142,529 Smith Jan. 3, 1939 2,247,201 Loos June 24, 1941 2,291,241 Lawrence July 28, 1942 2,307,067 Paulus Jan. 5, 1943 2,356,899 Stutter Aug. 29, 1944 2,363,605 McLintock NOV. 28, 1944 2,368,412 Cords Jan. 30, 1945 2,440,589 Kegresse Apr. 27, 1948 2,604,074 Trevaskis July 22, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 529,885 Great Britain Nov. 29, 1940 

